Answer to Question 1
The temperature of the star is determined by spectral type and photometrically using the B and V filters. If there is no intervening dust then the two temperature determinations will agree. If there is dust, the photometrically determined temperature will appear lower than the temperature indicated by the spectral type because the starlight has been reddened. Dust cannot affect the spectral type.
Answer to Question 2
At Uranus and Neptune, methane is the chief coloring agent, absorbing red light strongly, and reflecting the blue light back into space.