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Illness; diuretics; laxative abuse; hot weather; exercise; sweating; caffeine; alcoholic beverages; starvation diets; inadequate carbohydrate consumption; and diets high in protein, salt, or fiber can cause people to become dehydrated.
Oliver Wendell Holmes is credited with introducing the words "anesthesia" and "anesthetic" into the English language in 1846.
In 1886, William Bates reported on the discovery of a substance produced by the adrenal gland that turned out to be epinephrine (adrenaline). In 1904, this drug was first artificially synthesized by Friedrich Stolz.
The Babylonians wrote numbers in a system that used 60 as the base value rather than the number 10. They did not have a symbol for "zero."
In 1864, the first barbiturate (barbituric acid) was synthesized.
![Examples of USP labels Source: Courtesy of Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation and Mallinckrodt Pha](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_46687_08_12_14_4_52_49_19512932.jpeg)
![Intramuscular drug administration: (c) the needle is inserted at a 90° angle: Source: Pearson Educat](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_46687_08_12_14_5_05_08_195362384.jpeg)