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In most cases, kidneys can recover from almost complete loss of function, such as in acute kidney (renal) failure.
In 1886, William Bates reported on the discovery of a substance produced by the adrenal gland that turned out to be epinephrine (adrenaline). In 1904, this drug was first artificially synthesized by Friedrich Stolz.
The most common treatment options for addiction include psychotherapy, support groups, and individual counseling.
There are over 65,000 known species of protozoa. About 10,000 species are parasitic.
The National Institutes of Health have supported research into acupuncture. This has shown that acupuncture significantly reduced pain associated with osteoarthritis of the knee, when used as a complement to conventional therapies.