Answer to Question 1
B
Answer to Question 2
There were atmospheric nuclear tests by the United States, the United Kingdom,
and the U.S.S.R. throughout the 1950s into the 1960s. President Kennedy negotiated a
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (only France conducted atmospheric tests subsequent to the treaty)
that he was surprised was so popular. Part of the reason for the popularity of the treaty was
the media reporting of rising fallout from the tests. So it was the treaty that led to decreased
releases of radioactive materials in the atmosphere.