In the seventeenth century, English physician Robert Fludd proposed the perpetual motion machine shown here. The machine would turn the waterwheel to move the grindstone and at the same time return the water to the upper level. It unfortunately cannot work because it would try to get more energy out of a device than is put into it, thus violating the first law of thermodynamics. Would Fludd's machine work if it did not need to drive the grindstone wheel?
a. Yes, because energy would be conserved.
b. No, because it would violate the second law of thermodynamics.
c. No, because it would violate the first law of thermodynamics.
Question 2
Which is a reasonable restatement of the second law of thermodynamics?
a. The orderliness of the universe increases.
b. All heat engines exhaust heat to their surroundings.
c. Force equals mass times acceleration.
d. Single-temperature heat engines can be built.
e. Heat sometimes flows spontaneously from colder to warmer objects.
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