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It is difficult to obtain enough calcium without consuming milk or other dairy foods.
When blood is exposed to air, it clots. Heparin allows the blood to come in direct contact with air without clotting.
Bisphosphonates were first developed in the nineteenth century. They were first investigated for use in disorders of bone metabolism in the 1960s. They are now used clinically for the treatment of osteoporosis, Paget's disease, bone metastasis, multiple myeloma, and other conditions that feature bone fragility.
Disorders that may affect pharmacodynamics include genetic mutations, malnutrition, thyrotoxicosis, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease, and certain forms of insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus.
Bacteria have flourished on the earth for over three billion years. They were the first life forms on the planet.