Chase and Simon (1973) performed a classic investigation of memory for pieces on a chessboard, comparing experts and novices on their ability to quickly apprehend and later remember chess piece configurations as set up on a chessboard.
They compared situations in which the pieces were in a random configuration to situations in which the pieces were in a game configuration. What did they find?
a) Experts remembered the pieces and their arrangement better regardless of their configuration.
b) Experts remembered the pieces and arrangements better, but only in the game configuration condition.
c) Experts remembered the pieces and arrangements better, but only in the random configuration condition.
d) Novices actually remembered the pieces better in the game configuration condition.
Question 2
According to skilled memory theory:
a) experts just naturally have better memories than novices.
b) experts must make more of an effort to encode information into LTM; this leads to better memory.
c) experts take more time when they're retrieving information from memory.
d) experts have more richly elaborated semantic networks relevant to the domain than do novices.
Skull of an Oriental giant squirrel (genus Ratufa) - note the classic sciuromorphous shape of the an
memory
Memory
Pieces of the Allende Meteorite
Memory saver. The part numbers represent components from Radio Shack®.
Effects of Retrieval Practice on Predicted and Actual Memory Performance