Author Question: The study by Vokey and Reed (1988), in which participants were told what to listen for in backwards ... (Read 27 times)

fox · **on:** Jun 20, 2018

The study by Vokey and Reed (1988), in which participants were told what to listen for in backwards messages, showed that participants could hear what they were expecting to hear. However, if they were not told what to listen for, they picked up on n

This shows that many subliminal effects may be the product of:
a) direct perception.
b) bottom-up processing.
c) top-down processing.
d) sensation.

Question 2

Which of the following is not one of the basic characteristics of attention?

a) limited
b) auditory
c) flexible
d) voluntary control