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Oliver Wendell Holmes is credited with introducing the words "anesthesia" and "anesthetic" into the English language in 1846.
The most common treatment options for addiction include psychotherapy, support groups, and individual counseling.
Most childhood vaccines are 90–99% effective in preventing disease. Side effects are rarely serious.
In 1864, the first barbiturate (barbituric acid) was synthesized.
For about 100 years, scientists thought that peptic ulcers were caused by stress, spicy food, and alcohol. Later, researchers added stomach acid to the list of causes and began treating ulcers with antacids. Now it is known that peptic ulcers are predominantly caused by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that normally exist in the stomach.