Answer to Question 1
ANSWER: Description comes directly from the textbook.
These disorders are diagnosed when ones decline in cognitive functioning is significantly different from the past and is usually the result of a medical condition (e.g., Parkinsons or Alzheimers disease), the use of a substance/medication, or traumatic brain injury, among other phenomena. Examples of neurocognitive disorders (NCD) include delirium, and several types of major and mild
NCDs such as frontotemporal NCD, NCD due to Parkinsons disease, NCD due to HIV infection, NCD due to Alzheimers disease, substance or medicationinduced NCD, and vascular NCD, among others.
Answer to Question 2
ANSWER:
Substance use disorders include disruptions in functioning as the result of a craving or strong urge. Often caused by prescribed and illicit drugs or the exposure to toxins, with these disorders the brains reward system pathways are activated when the substance is taken (or in the case of gambling disorder, when the behavior is being performed). Some common substances include alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, cannabis, opioids, inhalants, amphetamine, phencyclidine (PCP), sedatives, hypnotics or anxiolytics. Substance use disorders are further designated with the following terms: intoxication, withdrawal, induced, or unspecified.
Three ways that factors affect mortality in response to changes in population density.
Cytoplasmic response to a signal: the stimulation of glycogen breakdown by epinephrine.
Steps in the humoral and cell-mediated immune response
White Blood Cells Involved in Immune Response
Schematic diagram showing polyclonal response by B cells against linear epitopes.
Diagnostic Criteria for Eating Disorders