Several meta-analyses have produced similar findings about the effectiveness of contingency management in reducing use of various drugs, including tobacco. Their findings show that contingency management is:
a. not very effective in reducing drug use (e.g., based on a low overall effect size).
b. highly effective in changing drug use (e.g., based on a very large overall effect size).
c. moderately effective for reducing most drug use, but less so for tobacco.
d. most effective in reducing tobacco use, and minimally effective with other (hard) drugs.
Question 2
Meta-analytic comparisons of behavioral activation and cognitive therapy for depression have shown which of the following?
a. Cognitive therapy works better than behavioral activation.
b. Behavioral activation works better than cognitive therapy.
c. Behavioral activation works better for women, while cognitive therapy works better for men.
d. Both therapies show equivalent outcomes.
(a) Homologous traits are similar due to shared ancestry. (b) Analogous traits (bats’, birds’, and f
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