EMDR postulates that psychopathology originates with:
a. incongruous eye movements associated with disturbing images.
b. emotional reactivity to disturbing or traumatic memories.
c. blockage in the nervous system's information processing ability.
d. pathological cognitive structures which cause retraumatizing eye movements.
Question 2
Shapiro's Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing had its origins with the discovery that:
a. spontaneous rapid eye movements accompanied disturbing images and thoughts, after which the thoughts disappeared.
b. rapid eye movements have been shown to be central to the process of healing from trauma.
c. rapid eye movements occur during certain phases of sleep cycle known to be associated with disturbing dreams or nightmares.
d. rapid eye movements formed the central process underlying successful desensitization.