Answer to Question 1
First stage: seduction
- This corresponds to Kaplan's desire stage.
- In Reed's model, desire is created by the behaviors people engage in that they believe will attract another person and make themselves sexually attractive to others.
- Examples include: wearing cologne and perfumes, using makeup, dressing in alluring ways, flirting, and making eye contact, among others.
Second stage: sensation
- This is when sexual behavior and sexual arousal begin, similar to the excitement and plateau phases in the EPOR model.
- Reed said that during this stage, our heightened senses, fantasy, and imagination combine to feed the arousal and motivate us to make it continue.
Third stage: surrender
- Reed believed that the peak of sexual arousal was orgasm, which he conceived of as a giving over of oneselfa surrender, as he called it.
- He saw orgasm as the culmination of sexual intimacy.
Fourth stage: reflection
- This is the after-orgasm phase.
- It's a time when both partners reflect on the experience and bring meaning to it.
- The importance of the reflection phase is that it provides an opportunity for partners to interpret the sexual encounter in positive or negative terms.
- This helps us make choices about whether or not to engage in the activity again, under the same circumstances, or with the same partner.
Answer to Question 2
- Kaplan believed that Masters and Johnson's model had too many rigid, sequential stages.
- Kaplan believed that sexual responding was unlikely unless someone wanted to be sexual; the first stage of her model was desire.
- Kaplan's Three-Stage Model consisted of desire, excitement, and orgasm.
- She rejected Masters and Johnson's notions of plateau and resolution.
- Kaplan believed that their plateau stage was a part of excitement.
- Kaplan believed that resolution rarely posed any sexual problems, and was therefore of little clinical interest.
- Kaplan believed that difficulties with sexual desire are common.
- She believed that many factors could interfere with sexual desire.
- Kaplan's model added desire at the beginning of the stages, and streamlined the sexual response cycle.
- Her model became a popular alternative approach to Masters and Johnson's EPOR model for understanding, evaluating, and treating problems with sexual responding.
Examples of gated ion channels.
Pathway of urine production and elimination.
The Triangular Theory of Love
The five stages of viral infection.
Examples of visual fields of simple cortical cells.
Examples of SOAP Note entries.