Little Albert is an autistic boy who frequently bangs his head against the wall at school. His teacher decides to use a mild form of punishment to suppress this behavior. Although this intervention was effective in suppressing head-banging at school, this behavior increased considerably at home. This phenomenon is known as:
a. punishment contrast
b. generalized suppression
c. response substitution
d. escape and avoidance
Question 2
Occasionally a response that is punished will increase in frequency. What would cause this phenomenon to occur?
a. the punisher may be exceedingly strong
b. the punisher may prevent the individual from escaping to a less aversive situation
c. the punisher may serve as a discriminative stimulus for positive reinforcement
d. both b and c
e. all of the above
Cell-wall structure of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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