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Today, nearly 8 out of 10 pregnant women living with HIV (about 1.1 million), receive antiretrovirals.
Human neurons are so small that they require a microscope in order to be seen. However, some neurons can be up to 3 feet long, such as those that extend from the spinal cord to the toes.
Cocaine was isolated in 1860 and first used as a local anesthetic in 1884. Its first clinical use was by Sigmund Freud to wean a patient from morphine addiction. The fictional character Sherlock Holmes was supposed to be addicted to cocaine by injection.
Since 1988, the CDC has reported a 99% reduction in bacterial meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae, due to the introduction of the vaccine against it.
The term bacteria was devised in the 19th century by German biologist Ferdinand Cohn. He based it on the Greek word "bakterion" meaning a small rod or staff. Cohn is considered to be the father of modern bacteriology.
![The S-curve in the human vertebral column--a result of the evolution of bipedality--makes humans hig](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_273688_23_02_15_7_45_09_20852677.jpeg)
![Medicinal leeches on a patient’s neck. Today leeches are sometimes used in microsurgery to prevent b](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_374628_15_08_15_11_50_50_222302203.jpeg)