Answer to Question 1
The purpose of a court of law was to grant economic remedies. These included land, items of value, and money. The purpose of courts of equity was to grant noneconomic remedies that could not be granted by courts of law. Some of the equitable remedies that were granted included specific performance and injunction. While courts of law helped to standardize the ways in which disputes were settled, parties who wanted a remedy other than economic compensation could not be helped. Sometimes these parties petitioned the king for relief. Most petitions were decided by an adviser to the king, called a chancellor, who was said to be the keeper of the king's conscience. When the chancellor thought that the claim was a fair one for which there was no adequate remedy at law, he would fashion new and unique remedies, called remedies in equity, to resolve the case.
In this way, a new body of rules and remedies came into being and eventually led to the establishment of formal courts of chancery, or courts of equity.
Answer to Question 2
National law is the law that pertains to a particular nation. International law is the law that governs relations among nations.
The key difference between national law and international law is the fact that
national law can be enforced by government authorities, whereas international law is enforced primarily for reasons of courtesy or expediency.
Important sources of international law include customs historically observed by nations in their dealings with each other, treaties, international organizations, and conferences.
When the United States gets stuck over a controversial issue—usually something a divided Congress ca
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