Giving the dependent measure before any manipulation of the independent variable in a nonequivalent control-group design allows the researcher to
A) assess the similarity of the experimental and control groups.
B) determine what the range of scores will be after the manipulation.
C) drop any participants that differ significantly from the norm.
D) All of the above
Question 2
In a nonequivalent control-group design with groups that differ at pretest, if the control group shows a small change while the experimental group shows a marked change over time, you might conclude that
A) there is no effect of the independent variable.
B) there may have been an effect of the independent variable, but it may have been confounded by regression to the mean.
C) the effect is due to instrumentation.
D) the effect is due to demand characteristics of the setting.
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