Answer to Question 1
3 types of questions typically asked when challenging a person's distorted thinking are:
Where is the evidence?
Are there any alternative explanations?
What are the implications?
Answer to Question 2
Examples of cognitive distortions:
All or nothing thinking
Overgeneralization
Disqualifying the positive
Jumping to conclusions
Magnification or minimization
Labeling and mislabeling
Personalization