Answer to Question 1
Francophones are Canadians that have French as their primary language, Anglophones are Canadians that have English as their primary language, and Allophones are Canadians that have a language that is neither French nor English as a primary language.
Answer to Question 2
Students could mention that in 1867, the British North America Act declared that Canada would be officially bilingual with French and English. With many Quebecois seeing themselves as a distinct nation within a greater whole, activists have been working against assimilation into the English dominated majority of Canada by emphasizing Quebec's distinct cultural heritage, language, history, and the three pillars of Quebecois nationalism: the French language, the Roman Catholic church, and the French legal and political traditions.