Answer to Question 1
Ideal Answer: The ideal answer should:
1. Explain that Eleanor Roosevelt as a Progressive era reformer and a woman sympathized with the ethnic minority struggle of African American people.
2. Note that she met with black leaders, spoke out on black issues, cajoled her husband to create specific legislation to assist poor and jobless blacks, convinced him to appoint blacks to important political positions, defied Jim Crow laws, wrote newspaper columns, and resigned her membership with the Daughters of the American Revolution when they refused to allow Marian Andersen to sing at one of their events.
3. Conclude that President Roosevelt and blacks benefitted enormously from the efforts of this outspoken critic of racial injustice. She was instrumental in convincing blacks to vote for Roosevelt in mass in 1936.
Answer to Question 2
Ideal Answer: The ideal answer should:
1. Explain that black workers in the north worked primarily in urban factory jobs while blacks in the South were primarily agricultural laborers or sharecroppers.
2. Note that northern blacks lost urban jobs while southern blacks witnessed a decline of cotton prices and production.
3. Note that blacks relied upon self-help efforts and government programs to survive the depression. Urban blacks had greater access to New Deal programs that did southern blacks who were also exploited by southern whites.
4. Note that some blacks migrated to other locations, primarily urban areas in the West, to survive the economic hard times.
Free Blacks in 1850
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