Answer to Question 1
Maslow believed that humans have five basic needs: physiological, security, social, esteem, and
self-actualization. Physiological needs relate to the normal functioning of the body and include
the need for food, water, air, rest, and sex. Until these needs are met, a significant portion of an
individual's behavior is aimed at satisfying them. If these needs are satisfied, behavior is aimed
at the next levelsecurity needs. Security/safety are the needs individuals require to keep
themselves free from bodily and economic disaster. The foodservice organization can best help
employees to satisfy their security needs through good and fair salaries, since it is with these
salaries that employees can buy items such as food and housing. As security needs are satisfied,
behavior tends to be aimed at satisfying social needs. Social needs include an individual's desire
for love, companionship, and friendship. Overall these needs reflect a person's desire to be
accepted by others. As these needs are satisfied, behavior shifts to satisfying esteem needs.
Esteem needs are an individual's desire for respect and are generally divided into two categories:
self-respect and respect for others. Once esteem needs are satisfied, an individual emphasizes
satisfying self-actualization needs. Self-actualization needs are the desire to maximize whatever
potential an individual possesses. For example, a motivated kitchen team member who seeks to
satisfy self-actualization or self-realization might strive to become the leader or supervisor of the
kitchen team. Self-actualization needs are at the highest level of Maslow's hierarchy.
Answer to Question 2
D
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Structural hierarchy in the molecular organization of cells
1–12 Elements essential to animal life and health
Anna Freud’s Instinctual Theory
The Triangular Theory of Love
Maslow and Self-Actualization