Suppose that you are looking at your nephew's high-school psychology textbook, and it says that males are more aggressive than females. What would you conclude?
a. You would question the operational definition of aggression that the researchers had used.
b. You would be fairly confident that the results could not be explained by confounding variables.
c. You would be suspicious that the textbook writers focused on the studies that showed gender similarities, rather than those that showed gender differences.
d. You would know that the researchers had tested people from at least two ethnic groups.
Question 2
Suppose you read in a popular magazine that college males and college females were asked to rate themselves in terms of how much they help their friends who have problems. The average score for the females was higher than the average score for the males. What would you conclude?
a. Females are more helpful than males, at least in helping their friends.
b. Other people think that females are more helpful than males.
c. Researcher expectancy was undoubtedly responsible for the gender difference.
d. Females report that they help their friends to a greater extent than males report that they help their friends; however, males and females may not differ in their actual helpful behaviors.
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