Answer to Question 1
A juvenile can reimburse the victim of the crime or donate money to a charity or public cause; this is referred to as monetary restitution. In other instances, a juvenile may be required to provide some service directly to the victim (victim service restitution) or to assist a community organization (community service restitution).
Restitution programs can be employed at various stages of the juvenile justice process. They can be part of a diversion program prior to conviction, a method of informal adjustment at intake, or a condition of probation.
Most evaluations have shown that it is reasonably effective and should be expanded. Research found that juvenile restitution programs that reported a reduction in recidivism rates were the ones that had high successful completion rates. Additional research demonstrated that most restitution orders are successfully completed and that youths who make restitution are less likely to become recidivists; however, the number of repeat offenses committed by juveniles who made restitution suggests that, by itself, restitution is not the answer to the delinquency problem. Another criticism of restitution programs is that they foster involuntary servitude.
Answer to Question 2
civil
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