Answer to Question 1
A significant amount of literature suggests that being the target of abuse is associated with subsequent episodes of delinquency and violence. The more often a child is physically disciplined and the harsher the discipline, the more likely they will engage in antisocial behaviors.
Many questions remain to be answered about the abusedelinquency link. Even though an association has been found, it does not necessarily mean that most abused children become delinquent. Many do not, and many delinquent youths come from what appear to be model homes.
It is also possible that the abusedelinquency link is spurious, and the two factors are connected because of some external factor. Research also shows that the timing and extent of abuse may shape its impact. Kids who are maltreated solely during early childhood may be less likely to engage in chronic delinquency than those whose abuse was lasting and persisted into later adolescence. Finally, abuse may have an impact on some groups of adolescents more than it does others (e.g., girls and African Americans).
Answer to Question 2
D
The Relationship Between Religion and Spirituality
Relationship of the conduction system to an ECG strip.
Dose–response relationship
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The Cycle of Violence and Abuse in Intimate Relationships