A deviant act becomes a crime when it is defined,
a. challenged, and banned under common law.
b. stigmatized, and banned under procedural law.
c. prohibited, and punished under criminal law.
d. prohibited, and punished under civil law.
Question 2
One of the key principles of life course theory is that:
a. high verbal ability during childhood predicts persistence.
b. persistent offenders begin their offending careers in late adolescence.
c. the earlier the onset of criminality, the more specialized and violent the criminal career.
d. the seeds of a criminal career are planted early in life.