Jackson Toby contends that the disadvantages lower-class children ...

[arivle123]

Jackson Toby contends that the disadvantages lower-class children have in school (i.e., lack of verbal skills), are a result of their _____.
 
  Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Question 2

Discuss the recent study conducted by the European Crime Prevention Network (ECPN) regarding trends in juvenile violence in European Union countries. The text indicates a problem with data collection on an international level; explain why you believe this to be the case.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[Tabitha_2016]

Answer to Question 1

Position in the social structure EF: p. 376-377

Answer to Question 2

 Delinquency data were available from police statistics from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s. Three main findings emerged from the Pfeiffer study:
 Juvenile violence, especially robbery and offenses involving serious bodily harm, increased substantially over this period of time in almost all of the countries.
 Total juvenile crime, which includes burglary, motor vehicle theft, larceny, and vandalism, increased very little over this period of time, with some countries showing no increase or an actual decrease.
 Crimes of violence committed by young adults (ages 18 to 20) or by adults in general have increased far less rapidly since the mid-1980s than have those committed by juveniles, and in some countries they have not increased at all.
 The main finding to emerge from the ECPN study was that the upward trend in juvenile violence in Europe has continued into the early 2000s.
 This increase in teen violence is evident in both the absolute rate of offending and the proportion of total offenses committed.
 Student responses will vary.