When the peer group provides the social and emotional basis for ...

[humphriesbr@me.com]

When the peer group provides the social and emotional basis for antisocial activity, a clique is transformed into a gang.
 
  Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Question 2

Describe wilderness probation programs. Do you believe these programs have value? Why or why not?
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[Anna]

Answer to Question 1

T

Answer to Question 2

 Wilderness probation programs involve troubled youths in outdoor activities as a mechanism to improve their social skills, self-concept, and self-control.
 Typically, wilderness programs maintain exposure to a wholesome environment where the concepts of education and the work ethic are taught and embodied in adult role models and troubled youth can regain a measure of self-worth.
 A number of wilderness programs for juvenile offenders have been evaluated for their effects on recidivism.
 Research of the effects of wilderness programsthose emphasizing physical activity over more therapeutic goalson recidivism, indicates that these programs do not work.
 Although some of the programs have shown success, such as the Spectrum Wilderness Program in Illinois, others had negative effects; that is, the group that participated in the program had higher arrest rates than the comparison group that did not participate in the program. Taken together, the programs suffered from:
 Poor implementation.
 Weak evaluation designs or problems with too few subjects or large dropout rates.
 Failure to adhere to principles of successful rehabilitation, such as targeting high-risk youths and lasting for a moderate period of time.
 However, wilderness programs that include a therapeutic component have been shown to be effective in reducing juvenile offending.
Student views will vary.