Answer to Question 1
John Hagan and his associates have speculated that gender differences in delinquency are a function of class differences that influence family life.
Hagan calls his view power-control theory and suggests that class influences delinquency by controlling the quality of family life. In paternalistic families, fathers assume the role of breadwinners, and mothers have menial jobs or remain at home.
Mothers are expected to control the behavior of their daughters while granting greater freedom to sons. The parent-daughter relationship can be viewed as a preparation for the cult of domesticity, which makes daughters' involvement in delinquency unlikely.
Consequently, males exhibit a higher degree of delinquent behavior than their sisters.
Power-control theory encourages a new approach to the study of delinquency, one that addresses gender differences, class position, and family structure. It also helps explain the relative increase in female delinquency by stressing the significance of changing feminine roles.
Answer to Question 2
b
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