Answer to Question 1
Research by Dana Haynie and Alex Piquero found that both boys and girls who reached puberty at an early age increase their chances of victimization.
The association was gendered: Boys were less likely to become victims if their friendship network contained girls; in contrast, girls' victimization was not moderated by the sexual makeup of their peer group.
It is possible that females are much less likely to be involved in serious, violent delinquency, and therefore having a higher concentration of them in a male's peer network reduces their exposure to more violent boys.
In contrast, boys who associate mostly with male peers may feel compelled to engage in risky behaviors; for example, in order to keep up with their friends they have to drink, drive fast, and get involved in brawls.
Girls may feel less peer pressure to engage in risky behavior; their male friends may protect them rather than put them in danger.
Although early puberty and sexual development may put girls at risk for juvenile delinquency and substance abuse, it may also help shield them from victimization risk.
Answer to Question 2
b
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