The textbook lists all of the following as problems with the concept of hardiness EXCEPT
a. It could be that the three components of hardiness control, commitment, and challenge could be separate components rather than aspects of a single personality type.
b. It could be that hardiness is not a unique concept, but that it overlaps with other concepts such as dispositional optimism.
c. Hardiness could be a simple self-fulfilling prophecy. If an individual believes she or he will get sick less, then that may come to pass.
d. It looks like hardiness is related to lower levels of illness and distress, but we dont know why. It could be due to a bias in how people fill out self-report questionnaires.
Question 2
Maddi and his colleagues have observed that people high in hardiness turn potentially stressful situations into something less threatening and ultimately even growth enhancing with what they term _________ coping.
a. self-actualizing
b. enlightened
c. transformational
d. mindful
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