Answer to Question 1
Answer: b: resilience
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Daryl Bem has developed one of the few interactionist theories of the development of sexual orientation; the exotic becomes erotic (EBE). For Bem, two factors interact to influence sexual orientation, the social organization of childrens play, and the genetically driven traits of children. According to his theory, many societies have social expectations of how boys and girls should play. Society encourages, in this case, boys to do rough and tumble, physically competitive play, and girls to do quieter, more social play. Each child born into this situation has a temperament. Many boys are genetically and temperamentally interested in rough and tumble play and will therefore play with other boys. As they develop sexually, they will tend to find the other (girls) or the exotic the target of their erotic interests. If, however, a boy inherits traits that encourage him to play with individuals involved in quieter female-typical behaviors, during adolescence his other will be males and he will find himself sexually attracted to males. The strongest evidence for this theory is that more gay men than heterosexual men describe themselves as gender nonconforming as children.
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