Answer to Question 1
Jails originated in Europe in the sixteenth century and were used to house those awaiting trial and punishment, as well as vagabonds, debtors, the mentally ill, and assorted others.
The jail is a secure institution used to: (a) detain offenders before trial if they cannot afford or are not eligible for bail, and (b) house misdemeanants sentenced to terms of one year or less, as well as some nonserious felons.
Jails are locally operated correctional facilities that:
confine persons before or after adjudication. Inmates sentenced to jail usually have a sentence of one year or less.
receive individuals pending arraignment and hold them awaiting trial, conviction, or sentencing.
readmit probation, parole, and bail-bond violators and absconders.
temporarily detain juveniles pending transfer to juvenile authorities.
hold mentally ill persons pending their movement to appropriate mental health facilities.
hold individuals for the military, for protective custody for contempt, and for the courts as witnesses.
release convicted inmates to the community upon completion of their sentences.
transfer inmates to federal, state, or other authorities.
house inmates for federal, state, or other authorities because of crowding of those facilities.
sometimes operate community-based programs as alternatives to incarceration.
Answer to Question 2
b
World human population growth through history illustrates an exponential growth pattern.
The functions of species richness.
Dentition of a collared peccary, as illustrated in Knight's Sketches in Natural History
Selected Vitamins: Food Sources, Functions, and Deficiency and Toxicity Symptoms
Functions and Properties of Blood
Functions and Properties of Blood