According to the Supreme Court in North Carolina v. Alford, regarding a plea of guilty:
a. defendants' plea of guilty when they believe they are innocent can never constitute a voluntary guilty plea.
b. the only constitutional requirement is that the plea be voluntary.
c. guilty pleas must consist of both a waiver of trial and an express admission of guilt.
d. to pass constitutional muster, guilty pleas must be voluntary and intelligent.
Question 2
The Supreme Court has held that guilty pleas are:
a. unconstitutional.
b. constitutional, so long as they are made voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently.
c. unconstitutional when they are obtained as a result of plea bargaining.
d. constitutional even if the prosecution cannot present enough evidence to establish that there is a factual basisfor the guilty plea.
Survivorship curve for the North American beaver.
Mask of an iyoba (queen mother), probably Idia, Court of Benin, Nigeria.
The North and South Equatorial Currents
Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation
North America and the Global Economy