Answer to Question 1
With bipartisan support, President Bush signed the Second Chance Act in 2008 . Leaders from law enforcement, corrections, the courts, and local government supported the legislation. The law authorizes grants to government agencies and nonprofit groups to provide employment assistance, substance abuse treatment, housing, family programming, mentoring, victim support, and other services that can help reduce reoffending and violations of probation and parole. This act could cut recidivism and high prison costs for states if it is funded properly. It was funded in 2010 and 2011, but in 2012 the Senate eliminated funding for the Second Chance Act.
Answer to Question 2
Employment is a huge barrier for ex-offenders returning to the community. Many ex-offenders are not able to get a job because offenders are barred from working in certain fields where the majority of jobs are being created. Many of the union jobs do not accept ex-offenders into the union. Housing is another obstacle that ex-offenders face. Many subsidized public housing complexes do not allow anyone with a criminal record to live in the housing complexes. Because most of the ex-offenders have little to no money upon release from prison, it is difficult to find low-income housing that will accept them. The strain of unemployment and homelessness can cause stress and encourage alcohol and drug use of ex-offenders.
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