Answer to Question 1
The Fourth Amendment bars illegal searches and seizures. The Fifth Amendment limits the admissibility of confession that has been obtained unfairly. The Sixth Amendment guarantees a defendant the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury. The Eighth Amendment bars excessive bail or excessive fines imposed, as well as cruel and unusual punishment inflicted. The Fourteenth Amendment affirms that no state may deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.
Answer to Question 2
The Prison Litigation Reform Act limits the ability of inmates to complain about conditions of confinement and to allege violations of their constitutional rights. It was passed by Congress in 1996 after the inmate rights revolution clogged the appellate courts. Inmates are required to exhaust administrative remedies before they can take their complaints to the court system. An inmate must go through the administrative processes before monetary relief can be granted to them. Also, this law requires prisoners to either pay the full fee when filing a complaint or to make an initial down payment followed by installments. Also, there is a three strikes provision, which prohibits an indigent prisoner from filing a new lawsuit when that prisoner has filed frivolous lawsuits.
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