Answer to Question 1
Most trends and philosophical ideas associated with jails were established based on practices developed years prior in England. While the rich were able to afford prison, often paying for their own meals, clothes, and heat, poor and indigent individuals often starved or froze to death in early colonial jails. What is known of the modern-day jail most likely can be contributed in the colonies to the work of William Penn and the state of Pennsylvania, where one of the first corrections institutions, the Walnut Street Jail, was established in Philadelphia in the late 1790s. From this point on, the establishment of the correctional system, such as the construction of prisons, the mode of punishment, and correctional philosophies, began.
Answer to Question 2
Jails detain individuals for 48 hours or longer. These hold those awaiting trial and those who have been convicted. Lockups hold individuals for less than 48 hours at temporary holding facilities, usually at police stations. Workhouses and houses of corrections, which are usually county prisons, hold convicted inmates for short terms.
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