Answer to Question 1
The benefits of intermediate sanctions include certainty, celerity, proportionality, and progressiveness. Certainty means that the infractions of the behavioral contract are quickly discovered and sanctioned. Celerity means the response to violations is swift. Proportionality means the structured sanctions menu is designed to ensure that the level of punishment is commensurate with the severity of the criminal behavior. Progressiveness means that the structured sanctions menu is designed to result in increasingly stringent responses to continued violations.
Answer to Question 2
The most popular of the restorative strategies are victim-offender conferencing and community restitution. Community conferences make it possible for victims, offenders, and community members to meet one another to resolve issues raised by the crime. Restitution is the most popular model of restorative justice. It enables return of what has been lost to the victim. The offender offers a sincere apology and promises to change the behavior that caused the initial injury. Victims seek redress for their losses, which can be material, personal, or communal.
Attributed to José de Alcíbar, From Spaniard and Black, Mulatto (De Español y Negra, Mulato).
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