Answer to Question 1
The reformatory contributed to the rehabilitation model because of its system of indeterminate sentencing, the payment of inmates for work, the supervision of inmates in the community, and a system of behavior modification.
Answer to Question 2
The Pennsylvania model was based on the belief that most prisoners would benefit from the experience of incarceration; thus, the first penitentiary was constructed, called the Eastern State Penitentiary.
Here, inmates were isolated, and penitence, pastoral counseling, and reasonable discipline would attempt to correct antisocial behavior.
Solitude was the goal, and prisoners spent their days alone.
Within a few years, crowding became a problem so inmates had to be doubled up. Eventually, allegations of brutality emerged.
Ultimately, the Pennsylvania model had the goals of reformation and deterrence of the offender.
Auburn officials were also committed to the idea that solitude is essential to prison discipline. This system demanded silence from all convicts at all times. However, the inmates were not completely isolated from one another. They would eat and work together, while remaining silent.
The Auburn system was a pragmatic effort to administer the processes of punishment as cheaply as possible.
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