Answer to Question 1
Answer: The courtroom work group consists of the judges, prosecutor and defense attorneys. These parties realize that the best thing for everyone is to resolve the case as quickly as possible through a guilty plea. Plea bargaining thus accounts for at least 90 percent of all guilty verdicts in many jurisdictions, and judge or jury trials are relatively rare.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: In small, traditional societies, the collective conscience, or societys shared norms and values, is extremely strong. When deviance occurs, these societies engage in repressive law marked by harsh physical punishment of deviants. In contrast, because the collective conscience is weaker in larger, modern societies, these societies deal with deviance through restitutive law marked by an interest in restoring relationships to their previous state. Restitution, such as payments to aggrieved parties, becomes a primary punishment.
Unique markings identify individual humpback whales.
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