Answer to Question 1
Answer: Child sexual abuse (CSA) includes a variety of criminal and civil offenses in which an adult engages in sexual activity with a minor, exploits a minor for purposes of sexual gratification, or exploits a minor sexually for purposes of profit. It includes commercial sexual exploitation as well as personal gratification.
The two main types of pedophiles are regressed and fixated. Regressed offenders are primarily sexually attracted to members of their own age groups but are passively aroused by minors. Generally, the use of inhibition-lowering substances (drugs, alcohol, etc.) combined with social circumstances providing opportunity, can cause the regressed offender to act out his or her interest in having sexual encounters with children. Fixated offenders are adult pedophiles who engage in planned sexual acts with children and whose behavior is not necessarily influenced by drugs or alcohol.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Parkers research draws on the theory of selective disinhibition to suggest that the disinhibiting effect of alcohol may suspend certain factors of judgment that could limit the occurrence of violence while exacerbating other factors that may increase the occurrence or severity of violence. His research also suggests that alcohol significantly predicts primary homicide, as the consumption of alcoholic beverages may disinhibit restraints against violence, and that poverty had a stronger effect on robbery and other forms of felony homicide in jurisdictions with higher average levels of alcohol consumption.
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