Answer to Question 1Answer: Radical-critical criminology is frequently critiqued for its focus on social change, which frequently occurs to the exclusion of social theory. The field is also subject to criticism for its overarching approach to crime, which minimizes the fundamental reality that crime is socially undesirable, and ought to be controlled. This form of criminology may also be criticized for its tendency to blur the distinctions between personal politics and social reality, which results in s simultaneous disregard for objectivity and intrusion of personal values into the political arena.
Answer to Question 2Answer: In their 1971 book
Law, Order, and Power, Chambliss and Seidman argue that economic stratification require dominant groups to enforce norms through coercion. According to the authors, life conditions affect values and norms; complex societies are comprised of groups with divergent life conditions and conflicting values; and political and economic power determines whose values are embodied in the law.
The four main propositions outlined in the book are:
- The conditions of ones life affect ones values and norms.
- Complex societies are comprised of groups with widely different life conditions and highly disparate and conflicting sets of norms.
- The probability of a given group having its particular normative system embodied in law is not distributed equally but is closely related to the political and economic position of that group.
- The higher a groups political or economic position is, the greater the probability that its views will be reflected in laws.
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Critical-Thinking Tip