Answer to Question 1
Answer: Answers should explain Beccarias philosophy of punishment according to the textbook emphasizing the purpose of punishment as deterrence rather than retribution, and his view that punishment should be imposed to prevent offenders from committing additional crimes. Answers may explain the importance of level of severity, swiftness, and certainty of punishment. Modern-day examples will vary but should emphasize examples of immediate punishment intended to deter future criminal behavior.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Answers should include definitions and discussion of determinate sentencing, truth in sentencing laws, and selective and collective incapacitation.