Read the following facts regarding United States v. Sokolow (1989): Sokolow, appeared to be suspicious to police because while traveling under an alias from Honolulu, he paid 2,100 in 20 bills (taken from a larger sum of money) for a round-trip airline ticket to Miami. He spent a very short period of time in Miami. Sokolow was noticeably nervous and had checked no luggage. A warrantless airport investigation by Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) agents revealed more than 1,000 grams of cocaine on the defendant.
Based on the facts above, how did the U.S. Supreme Court rule?
A) The Court ruled that according to a totality of the circumstances criterion, in which the defendant's entire behavior is taken collectively to provide the basis for a legitimate stop, the evidence was admissible.
B) Upon appeal, the Court ruled that no single activity was proof of illegal activity, and as such, the evidence was inadmissible.
C) The court ruled that the stop was legal because the actions taken together created circumstances under which suspicion of illegal activity but that the search was illegal under the exclusionary rule.
D) The court ruled that the stop and the search were illegal under the Fourth Amendment and as such, all evidence should have been excluded from trial.
Question 2
A police officer has probable cause to arrest Sam, a man who is carrying a back-pack. What may the officer search, incident to a lawful arrest in this situation?
A) The officer may thoroughly search Sam and his backpack.
B) The officer may thoroughly search Sam, but not his backpack.
C) The officer may search Sam by patting him down over his outer layer of clothing for the sole purpose of locating weapons, but under no circumstances may she search his backpack.
D) The officer may not search Sam without a warrant or consent.
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