Answer to Question 1
Measuring a police candidate's level of physical agility is a crucial part of the selection process, although the physical agility test has been controversial and has undergone significant changes since its inception. Until the 1970s, the physical agility test required substantial upper-body strength, which kept many women from passing the test, thereby eliminating them as police candidates. These tests, which consisted largely of pushups, pullups, and situps, measured rapid reflexes, speed and coordination, dexterity, endurance, and strength. The Supreme Court invalidated such tests, however, saying that these were not related to the job as it is performed.
In 1972, Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act declared that all applicants for a position requiring physical strength and agility must be given an opportunity to demonstrate their ability to perform the work in question. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Answer to Question 2
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