Answer to Question 1
The answer should include the following points:
Juveniles were not leaving the urban gangs to which they belonged when they became adults.
These gangs supplied certain needs not being met in other social groups or traditional rites of passage into adulthood.
The increased imprisonment of gang members fostered the development of prison gangs that kept their allegiance to these gangs while in prison and subsequent to being released from prison.
This pattern remains true today as more than half of all gang members are over the age of 18.
Answer to Question 2
FALSE