Answer to Question 1
Despite this seemingly simple language, the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement has been litigated extensively in the courts. The courts have focused on the meaning of probable cause as well as acceptable sources of information used to determine the presence of probable cause. Many decisions have also focused on the Fourth Amendment's requirement that warrants be supported by oath or affirmation and on the particularity requirement.
Answer to Question 2
Six types of activities are governed by the Fourth Amendment:
a. Arrests with warrants
b. Arrests without warrants
c. Searches with warrants
d. Searches without warrants
e. Seizure of evidence
f. Stops and frisks
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