A commonly-used measurement of program effectiveness in juvenile offender treatment and sanctioning strategies is:
a. probation.
b. parole.
c. incarceration.
d. recidivism.
Question 2
_________________ _______________ by a judge, on a defendant's decision to not testify, was deemed by the Supreme Court to be a penalty imposed on the defendant for exercising a constitutional privilege.
Fill in the blank with correct word.