Answer to Question 1
Answer: Women gathered food and men hunted in early societies in part because it was easier for women to combine gathering with pregnancy, breastfeeding, and childcare. These roles became ingrained into society and were culturally encouraged in children from a young ageboys developed the skills they would need to hunt and girls developed the skills they would need to gather and to care for babies.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: A gene, testis-determining factor, determines sex by directing early fetal development of the testes, which then begin producing male hormones such as testosterone. In the womb, the boy's brain is shaped by testosterone. This continues after birth, as testosterone may fuel a greater tendency toward aggression and dominance, and toward an interest in things versus people. Boys get another testosterone boost during puberty.
Kitagawa Utamaro, The Fickle Type, from the series Ten Physiognomies of Women.
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