Answer to Question 1
C
Answer to Question 2
The gravitational force is derived from Newton's law of universal gravitation, which states that every object that has mass in the universe is attracted to every other object. An object can be as small as a sub-atomic particle or as large as a sun. The basic equation for this relationship is
Fg = Gm1m2 / r2
This equation states that the gravitational force (Fg) is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the two bodies (m1, m2 ) and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two masses (r2). G is the gravitational constant, which does not change.
If mass increases, then gravitational force increases.
If distance increases, then gravitational force greatly decreases by the square of distance, so even a small increase in the distance between two objects significantly decreases the gravitational force between them.