|
|
When intravenous medications are involved in adverse drug events, their harmful effects may occur more rapidly, and be more severe than errors with oral medications. This is due to the direct administration into the bloodstream.
In 1886, William Bates reported on the discovery of a substance produced by the adrenal gland that turned out to be epinephrine (adrenaline). In 1904, this drug was first artificially synthesized by Friedrich Stolz.
Famous people who died from poisoning or drug overdose include, Adolf Hitler, Socrates, Juan Ponce de Leon, Marilyn Monroe, Judy Garland, and John Belushi.
Approximately 25% of all reported medication errors result from some kind of name confusion.
Disorders that may affect pharmacodynamics include genetic mutations, malnutrition, thyrotoxicosis, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease, and certain forms of insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus.
![Hydronephrosis. Normal kidney (left) and kidney with hydronephrosis (right) are compared. Note the d](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_26_10_12_5_19_56_96622215.jpeg)
![Mobilize shoulders with “cat paw” technique. Place a hand on each shoulder to establish contact. ...](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/33/medium_380798_23_08_17_1_47_38_3310855.jpeg)